Introduction to Information Technology

In an information age, information plays a key role in business. No longer is information something that just refers to facts; it is now used to influence action. This is done through the use of analytics. Businesses that process information are called information systems and those that provide information service are called information providers. In IT speak, information technology (IT) is the application of science and technology to improve information systems, which include computer systems, software, documentation, control systems and network.

Information, in a broad sense, is structured, processed and organised data. It provides context to other data and helps decision making. For instance, a single consumer’s sale in a restaurant is physical information-it is information technology. The restaurant owners have various ways of using the information technologies to compile, interpret and utilise all available information to optimise customer satisfaction, customer retention and to increase sales.

One of the key principles behind information technology is the principles of information management. Information management involves planning, designing, implementing and operating information technologies in a seamless and automated manner. Therefore, when designing an information technology system, it must be based on the principles of data processing cycle, information source selection and action on information. Designing an information technology system requires the process of collecting relevant information from users and formulating an efficient action plan with the help of technical experts.